No matter what the cause of liver cell damaged, the process that
a patient goes through is about the same.
The liver cells become damaged. The immune system of the
patients body will respond to this damage. This will cause
inflammation to develop inside the liver...which leads to the liver
enlarging in size and taking on a spongy texture.
If the cause can be stopped and it is only in the inflammation
developing stage, the liver may heal and the problem could
be reversed.
However, if it is not stopped...the inflammation will increase
and the liver cells will start to die off and form scar tissue
inside the liver. This scar tissue begins and it is known
as fibrosis. When more cells die off and more scar
tissue develops, it starts to connect together in the liver and
this is known as bridging fibrosis. This scar tissue blocks
the flow of blood to the functioning liver cells and will also
block the flow of blood going through the liver to the heart...
It is Cirrhosis of the liver.
The liver cells are what does all the functions of the liver.
When they die, those functions start to deteriorate.
That is the starting of liver failure...as more cells die...
it will keep advancing to "complete" liver failure.
Some of the things to look for in end stage liver disease
(Cirrhosis)
1)He may develop spider like veins on his chest, neck, shoulder,
and other areas of the body...they will blanche when touched.
2)The liver no longer makes clotting factors efficiently...he will
bruise and bleed very easily.
3)He may develop larger breast and his scotrum may swell
because of the changes in hormones.
4)He may become extremely itchy due to the bile not flowing
well and the bilirubin going into the blood.
5)His breath may start to have a sweet fecal like smell known
as fetor hepaticus
6) Ascites (may be mistaken for a beer belly). Build up of
fluid inside the abdominal area caused by the liver not
handling lymph fluid normally and lack of Albumin being
made by the liver which holds fluid inside our vessels.
[doctor can drain this fluid by a procedure known as
paracentesis]
7)Encephalopathy (may be mistaken for being drunk).
Patient is easily confused, disoriented, has sleep
pattern changes, hand tremors. The liver is no longer
able to convert toxins to the non toxic form. Ammonia
stays in the blood and goes into the brain to cause this.
[doctor can prescribe Lactulose or Xifaxan to help this)
Note: Patient should sign an advance directive or
power of attorney form for someone else to handle his
financial and medical affairs (important)
8) Portal hypertension with varies. The blood no longer
flows through the liver...it back up into the portal vein
and weak smaller vessels that can balloon outward and
break open. Usually found in the esophagus, belly button,
rectal area. Any blood in the sputum, vomit, rectal area
is an emergency. If taken to the ER right away, doctors
can band the vessels to stop internal bleeding.
I'm giving you a few good links about Cirrhosis of the liver.
He should be with either a gastroenterologist or hepatologist
now. He should not try to stop alcohol on his own. The doctors
have drugs that will help ease the side effects of being detoxed
and monitor him so his body will accept being detoxed.
Sometimes they will refer him to a hospital program to do this
as an outpatient.
Only the doctor who does a liver biopsy can give the patient
an educated guess how long they may have to live without
having a liver transplant. A patient is "usually" required to be
detoxed under doctors care for a certain time period (like
six months) before being referred to a transplant center.
Medicine Net: http://www.medicinenet.com/cirrhosis/article.htm
Wiki: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis
Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/185856-overview
Acute Liver Failure..Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/177354-overview
I hope this information has been of some help to you.
Best wishes