Dementia - diagnosis and early signs
The early signs of dementia are very subtle and vague, and may not be immediately obvious. Early symptoms also vary a great deal. Usually, though, people first seem to notice that there is a problem with memory, particularly in remembering recent events.
Other common symptoms include:
Confusion
Personality change
Apathy and withdrawal
Loss of ability to do everyday tasks.
Sometimes people fail to recognise that these symptoms indicate that something is wrong. They may mistakenly assume that such behaviour is a normal part of the ageing process. Or symptoms may develop gradually and go unnoticed for a long time. Sometimes, people may refuse to act even when they know something is wrong.
Ten warning signs
Go through the following list and note the symptoms that are present. If there are several ticks, a doctor should be consulted for a complete examination of the person with the symptoms.
1.Recent memory loss that affects day to day functions
It is normal to forget meetings, colleagues' names or a friend's telephone number occasionally, but then remember them later. A person with dementia may forget things more often, and not remember them at all.
2. Difficulty performing familiar tasks
Busy people can be so distracted from time to time that they may leave the carrots on the stove and only remember to serve them when the meal has finished. A person with dementia might prepare a meal and not only forget to serve it, but also forget they made it.
3. Problems with language
Everyone has trouble finding the right word sometimes, but a person with dementia may forget simple words or substitute inappropriate words, making sentences difficult to understand.
4. Disorientation to time and place
It is normal to forget the day of the week or your destination for a moment. But people with dementia can become lost on their own street, not knowing where they are, how they got there or how to get back home.
5. Poor or decreased judgement
Dementia affects a person's memory and concentration, and this in turn affects their judgement. Many activities, such as driving, require good judgement and when this ability is affected, the person will be a risk, not only to themselves, but also to others on the road.
6. Problems with abstract thinking
Balancing a cheque book may be difficult for many of us. Someone with dementia could forget completely what the numbers are and what needs to be done with them.
7. Misplacing things
Anyone can temporarily misplace a wallet or keys. A person with dementia may repeatedly put things in inappropriate places.
8. Changes in mood or behaviour
Everyone becomes sad or moody from time to time. Someone with dementia can have rapid mood swings, for no apparent reason. They can become confused, suspicious or withdrawn.
9. Changes in personality
People's personalities can change a little with age. But a person with dementia can become suspicious or fearful, or apathetic and uncommunicative. They may also become dis-inhibited, overfamiliar or more outgoing than previously.
10. Loss of initiative
It is normal to tire of housework, business activities or social obligations. The person with dementia may lose interest in previously enjoyed activities, or become very passive and require cues prompting them to become involved.
Based on Is it Alzheimer's? Ten Warning Signs You Should Know, Alzheimer's Association, USA